By Amin Kef Sesay
It can be recalled that in a press release dated July 11, 2019, the World Bank commented that Sierra Leone’s macroeconomic situation remains challenging despite bold policy measures.
The Bank recommended that unlocking the bottlenecks to robust and sustained real growth through economic diversification and addressing pre-existing macroeconomic weaknesses will be crucial for building a resilient economy that promotes inclusive growth and reduces poverty.
According to the Bank’s measurement, growth was still low (3.7 percent), inflation and exchange rate depreciation are high (16.8 and 11.8 percent, respectively), the fiscal and current deficits are high (6.6 and 13.8 percent, respectively).
Furthermore, the Bank highlighted that increasing debt had resulted in the country being downgraded from moderate to high risk of debt distress.
However, the Bank expressed optimism that the medium-term outlook was promising, with growth expected to reach 5.2 percent by 2021, driven primarily by supply side factors, including favorable agricultural output, uptick in mining activities and strong performance of the services sector, the report notes.
Key risks to the growth outlook the Bank saw include a deterioration in Sierra Leone’s terms of trade; lower than anticipated FDI inflows and the effects on the exchange rate and prices; fiscal slippages including adverse debt dynamics; and financial sector weaknesses.
For the interest of our numerous readers across the globe, the World Bank Sierra Leone Economic Update (SLEU) is an annual publication that reports on and analyzes recent economic developments, reviews regional and global contexts and analyzes the implications for the country, and presents the medium-term outlook and prospects for the economy.
The 2019 Update focused on promoting inclusive growth and poverty reduction, namely ‘Financial Inclusion for Economic Growth and Development’. The target audience for the SLEU includes policy makers, business leaders, development partners and analysts interested in Sierra Leone’s economy.
Thus, Gayle Martin, the World Bank Country Manager for Sierra Leone saw that in 2019, “There is an urgent need for Sierra Leone to develop a comprehensive strategy for deepening the financial sector and this is required to ensure poverty reduction, job creation, investment and growth in the country”
According to him, “Whether Sierra Leone can promote sustained inclusive growth and reduce poverty depends on whether it can modify the structure of the economy to generate more and better-paid manufacturing and service jobs. That could be accomplished by facilitating creation by the private sector of formal manufacturing and services activities and increasing the productivity of the informal sector.”
We also failed in Financial Inclusion for which the special topic of the 2019 Update focused on deepening the financial sector for inclusive economic growth and development.
The report noted that usage of the financial system is low in Sierra Leone with only about 5 percent of adults using formal savings products and about 54 percent saving money within the past year.
Access to finance for enterprises is a significant barrier to growth of the private sector with 40 percent of firms indicating lack of credit as their biggest constraint.
In 2019, only 11 percent of Sierra Leoneans had mobile money accounts compared to 20.8 percent in Liberia, 38.9 in Ghana and 72.9 percent in Kenya.
Youssouf Kiendrebeogo, World Bank Senior Economist and one of the authors of the SLEU commented that, “The government plays a key role in developing the financial sector through promoting resilience and stability.
“One of the key functions that needs to be established is an effective supervision and regulatory regime for financial institutions to address market failures like anti-competitive behavior, market misconduct, information asymmetries, and systemic instability, which can negatively impact financial sector development, economic growth, and shared prosperity,”
Thus, in conclusion, the Bank advised that, to address existing macroeconomic weaknesses and enhance economic growth, the Sierra Leone Government should maintain the fiscal consolidation path, improve debt policy and management and intensify efforts to clear the large stock of arrears.
